{"id":181,"date":"2021-05-11T04:57:38","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T04:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=181"},"modified":"2021-05-11T04:57:38","modified_gmt":"2021-05-11T04:57:38","slug":"thieu-hut-bo-vi-xu-ly-toan-cau-tai-sao-chung-ta-khong-the-san-xuat-nhieu-hon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=181","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t B\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u2013 T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n?"},"content":{"rendered":"Reading Time: <\/span> 7<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>\n

T\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kho v\u1eadn. Trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd (chip) cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong m\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu ai l\u00e0 fan ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i Samsung, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ef1c k\u00ec n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Galaxy Note c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2021 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ra m\u1eaft trong n\u0103m nay do b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang h\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3i n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean trang Bloomberg b\u1edfi Ian King<\/a>, Adrian Leung<\/a> and Demetrios Pogkas<\/a>. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u1eeb Washington \u0111\u1ebfn Brussels r\u1ed3i B\u1eafc Kinh. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a trong ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cN\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u2013 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. \u00c0 th\u00ec… nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u1eafm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u00f4i, th\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n ra kh\u1ecfi gu\u1ed3ng quay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Intel Corp. l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Craig Barrett t\u1eebng g\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tinh vi nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c B\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tinh vi nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>Craig Barrett – Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Intel Corp.<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng J. Biden c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec1 s\u1ebd x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 EU c\u0169ng \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd cho m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n xa v\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n ba th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i (v\u00f4 tr\u1ea7n), nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la, thi\u1ebfc n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 tia la-de. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng Silicon \u2013 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1t \u2013 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc si\u00eau nh\u1ecf (b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd\u00a0 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n d\u1eabn h\u01a1n v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c con chip n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u00eau n\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. B\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Intel \u2013 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u 4004 \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1971 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u1ec9 2,300 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh 10 mi-cr\u00f4-m\u00e9t, hay 1 ph\u1ea7n 10 tri\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a 1 m\u00e9t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Intel trong c\u00e1c th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn 2020 khi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng ty S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t B\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0110\u00e0i Loan (TSMC) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Samsung b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chip v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n: v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn 5 na-n\u00f4-m\u00e9t, hay 5 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a 1 m\u00e9t (\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh, trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ecdng t\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 100,000 na-n\u00f4-m\u00e9t.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t Silicon v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. C\u1ef1c k\u00ec s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd!!! C\u00e1c b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t con virus r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ee5i th\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tai h\u1ecda cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ee7i ro, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m chip c\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 200 na-n\u00f4-m\u00e9t.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p ra v\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 1 ho\u1eb7c 2 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip \u2013 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc k\u00edn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c trang b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 – th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng Silicon v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c khay k\u00edn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y n\u00e0y sang lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c r\u00f4-b\u1ed1t ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i khay \u0111\u00f3 khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 y\u00ean v\u1ecb trong m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c con chip c\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 100 l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba chi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn si\u00eau nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Applied Materials Inc, Lam Research Corp, v\u00e0 Tokyo Electron Ltd. X\u1eed l\u00fd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 in th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ASML Holding NV. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ea1o khu\u00f4n (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng Silicon. Nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia s\u00e1ng si\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, th\u1ee9 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ASML b\u1eafn c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt thi\u1ebfc n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u00e1y tia la-de. Khi kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 ra tia si\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u00edm c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doanh thu cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y chip ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 24\/7. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t: chi ph\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 50,000 mi\u1ebfng Silicon m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng t\u1ed1n kho\u1ea3ng 15 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 60 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la doanh thu trong n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 l\u1edbn<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ri\u00eang ba \u00f4ng l\u1edbn Intel, Samsung v\u00e0 TSMC \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 doanh thu 2020 g\u1ea7n ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi 12 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m chip \u0111\u1ee9ng sau c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e0ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh, th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng gi\u1ecfi. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a chip \u2013 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi 90% \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m chip ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 khi h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp h\u01a1n. Trong s\u1ed1 1.4 t\u1ef7 b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, th\u00ec \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi TSMC. Intel th\u00ec chi\u1ebfm 80% th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Samsung th\u00ec l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac chip b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. N\u00ean vi\u1ec7c chen ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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