{"id":253,"date":"2021-11-30T17:04:12","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T10:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=253"},"modified":"2021-11-30T17:04:14","modified_gmt":"2021-11-30T10:04:14","slug":"vu-tru-mo-rong-nhanh-hon-anh-sang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=253","title":{"rendered":"V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">12<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\n<p>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ethan Siegal tr\u00ean trang <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/starts-with-a-bang\/universe-speed-of-light\/?utm_source=pocket_mylist\">Big Think<\/a> v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quy lu\u1eadt m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh v\u0103n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c qua th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng; ngang v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu di chuy\u1ec3n trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng; ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung gian kh\u00e1c. V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c di chuy\u1ec3n trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e0ng nhanh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n qua th\u1eddi gian. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u1ea3. B\u1edfi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi logic th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, khi ch\u00fang ta r\u1ecdi m\u1eaft v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 xa x\u00f4i trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c suy lu\u1eadn logic th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 13.8 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. Thi\u00ean h\u00e0 xa nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 32 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng; \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xa nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ra quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 46.1 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean h\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 18 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ngay h\u00f4m nay \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng; ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u00e0nh vi m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Khi nghe \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi t\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, d\u00f5i theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qua th\u1eddi gian.<\/li><li>Khi t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn n\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 t\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t n\u00f3.<\/li><li>Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c &#8211; r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch chia cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian &#8211; t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li><li>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1ee9a v\u1eadt <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng cong hay b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u01a0-c\u1edd-l\u00edt. H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khi ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ec7 tr\u1ee5c\u201d ba chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi 4 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1; t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c x, y, z v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t xa s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang n\u1edf ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean h\u00e0 xa x\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 suy tho\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi; v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p. Ph\u1ea7n \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ee9a ch\u00fang trong V\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 qua c\u00e1i th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3; n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n theo thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. L\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00e1c xa so v\u1edbi c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u01a1i m\u00e0 ta v\u1eabn cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ph\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c ba chi\u1ec1u. N\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. N\u1eb1m trong thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Einstein; v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ef1 th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1edf ra ho\u1eb7c co l\u1ea1i<\/li><li>T\u1ef1 th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng<\/li><li>C\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 khi ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n qua kh\u00f4ng gian, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d; th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng; trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, trong th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n qua kh\u00f4ng gian nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng gian thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghe \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: <a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_lu%E1%BA%ADt_Hubble\">\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Hubble<\/a>. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 66 \u0111\u1ebfn 74 km\/s\/Mpc: ki-l\u00f4-m\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y tr\u00ean megaparsec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i megaparsec (Mpc) b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 3.26 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta 1 Mpc; ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i; v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 66-74 km\/s. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta 20 Mpc; ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111i l\u00f9i v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c kho\u1ea3ng 1320-1480 km\/s; n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch 5000 Mpc th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00f9i xa v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c kho\u1ea3ng 330,000-370,000 km\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111ang gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 trong kh\u00f4ng gian. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u00e3n n\u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 299,792 km\/s. V\u1eady ch\u1ea3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta kho\u1ea3ng 5000 Mpc; s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cb\u00e1nh m\u1ef3 nho kh\u00f4\u201d <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng b\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nho kh\u00f4 n\u1eb1m trong n\u00f3. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9t n\u1edf ra v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o 1 c\u00e1i nho kh\u00f4; v\u1eady b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c xung quanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng nho kh\u00f4 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng xa kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n, khi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang n\u1edf ra.<\/li><li>C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nho kh\u00f4 xa h\u01a1n tr\u00f4ng s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang \u0111ang r\u1eddi \u0111i v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c nhanh h\u01a1n, khi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nho \u1edf g\u1ea7n.<\/li><li>C\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng nho kh\u00f4 \u1edf xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa tr\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f2n di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00f9ng soi chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nho kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean h\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m thi\u00ean h\u00e0; v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng \u0111i theo s\u1ef1 n\u1edf ra c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u201cb\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1\u201d cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nho, hay thi\u00ean h\u00e0, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ee9\u201d n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng gian. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1eady theo s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb pha lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. B\u1edfi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8211;  khi V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u0103ng l\u00ean &#8211; \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 gi\u1ea3m nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t; b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; v\u00e0 khi V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e3n ra theo, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea7n \u201cb\u1ed9t\u201d t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n n\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng trong m\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 khi V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong khi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u201cph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9t\u201d (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i. Trong V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong V\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thi\u00ean h\u00e0 xa x\u00f4i, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb n\u00f3: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi.<\/li><li>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f4ng gian quanh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f4ng gian quanh n\u00f3.<\/li><li>C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m cho b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e3n ra.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u01a0n tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ng\u00e0n km\/s. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian V\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u1edf t\u1ea7m tr\u00ean 100 Mpc, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cv\u1eadn t\u1ed1c\u201d n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3; kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t: m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c &#8211; tr\u00ean &#8211; \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng gian. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb k\u00ec qu\u1eb7c l\u00e0 km\/s\/Mpc trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 km v\u00e0 Mpc \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau nhau n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i 1 th\u1ee9 sang th\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 xa x\u00f4i \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, hay l\u00e0 b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. M\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng; ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cv\u1eadn t\u1ed1c\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn quen thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c cho V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 xa x\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hay l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, hay l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111i. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Doppler (nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh), l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 co l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 theo ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111o v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1; ch\u00fang ra do c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng\u201d V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c\u201d, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i &#8211; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee7 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi &#8211; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quan s\u00e1t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 khi m\u00e0 V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa n\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng xa, m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00f9i xa b\u1ea1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00ec, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ea1y xa b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 qua th\u1eddi gian, v\u1eabn \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ckho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch\u201d trong m\u1ed9t V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 &#8211; m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n &#8211; v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3: khi m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t xa, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ta hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i &#8211; kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecd 13.8 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 Big Bang &#8211; h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra th\u1ee9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u201cv\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta bao xa\u201d, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta bao xa khi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra th\u1ee9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi anh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u00ean h\u00e0 xa nh\u1ea5t quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 GN-z11, ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chung ta th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 13.4 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta kho\u1ea3ng 32 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 Big Bang, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn 46.1 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 xa nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng 61 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 18 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng so v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n qua V\u0169 tr\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00e3n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc qua \u0111i, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng di chuy\u1ec3n xa h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong m\u1ed9t V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fac ph\u00fac c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n. Tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00ec m\u00e3i m\u00e3i ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean h\u00e0 g\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong <a href=\"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?cat=11\">trang<\/a> nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">12<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span> H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ethan Siegal tr\u00ean trang Big Think v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Quy lu\u1eadt m\u1eb7c [&hellip;] <span class=\"read-more-link\"><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=253\">Xem th\u00eam<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[73,75,74,72],"class_list":["post-253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-https-phamxuanhai-com-page_id23","tag-cosmos","tag-toc-do-anh-sang","tag-van-toc-anh-sang","tag-vu-tru"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng? - Haipham<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u1ea1i sao V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 13.8 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 46.1 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng? 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