{"id":263,"date":"2021-12-18T14:55:18","date_gmt":"2021-12-18T07:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=263"},"modified":"2021-12-19T12:34:52","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T05:34:52","slug":"nguoi-ho-hang-chung-ta-chua-tung-gap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=263","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"Reading Time: <\/span> 4<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eb1n s\u00e2u trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb sau \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean trang Sapiens<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Homo sapiens \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft Jeffrey H. Schwartz.<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p chung v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u chi h\u1ec7 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0nh c\u1ee5t tr\u00ean c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh theo c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1o<\/a> v\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u00e1n h\u1ea7u<\/a>, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn linh tr\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1edfi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n b\u00e1ch khoa v\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005 v\u1edbi 3 t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft k\u00e8m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u00f4ng c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t v\u00f4 l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt phi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n quay l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a g\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u00edt gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1735, khi Carl von Linn\u00e9 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n Systema Naturae. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft theo c\u1eb7p gien c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t Homo sapiens, Linn\u00e9 l\u1ea1i l\u1edd \u0111i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Nosce te ipsum (t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh). C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo ki\u1ec3u \u201cnh\u00ecn l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft\u201d n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh; \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch H. sapiens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 r\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m. M\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 17, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch – Nicolas Steno – m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y \u00c2u th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. B\u1edfi trong m\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ebft. Khi m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1829, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 th\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 “lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi”<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1856 l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf Neander Thal (c\u00e1i t\u00ean nghe quen ch\u1ee9). V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e0 Neanderthal v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 s\u1edbm. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1864 \u0111\u1ebfn 1949, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 9 chi h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 12 lo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Jeffrey H. Schwartz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1933, nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng Solly Zuckerman cho r\u1eb1ng Neanderthal, Java Man, Peking Man, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Zambia c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 H. sapiens th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 s\u1edbm. Kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 gien Homo. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1940, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng chi h\u1ec7 to l\u1edbn gi\u1ed1ng Neanderthal n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reading Time: <\/span> 4<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span> Hi\u1ec7n nay nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 […] Xem th\u00eam<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[55,84,85,83],"class_list":["post-263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-https-phamxuanhai-com-page_id23","tag-con-nguoi","tag-human","tag-loai-nguoi","tag-nguoi"],"yoast_head":"\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p (1) - Haipham<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t? 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