{"id":267,"date":"2021-12-19T13:23:16","date_gmt":"2021-12-19T06:23:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=267"},"modified":"2021-12-19T13:23:17","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T06:23:17","slug":"nguoi-ho-hang-chung-ta-chua-tung-gap-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=267","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\n<p>\u1ede <a href=\"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=263\">b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a>, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng xa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine &#8211; Theodosius Dobzhansky &#8211; cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u0103n h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Do v\u1eady, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c chi h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. M\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u201cch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ernst Mayr \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cb\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i\u201d c\u1ee7a Dobzhansky. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o chi h\u1ec7 Homo duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a lo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian: transvaalensis (c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i); erectus (trung \u0111\u1ea1i); v\u00e0 sapiens (hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i). Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y sang lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c; theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, Mayr \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i duy nh\u1ea5t. H. sapiens gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 s\u1edbm, Neanderthals; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00e0o H. rhodesiensis, H. heidelbergensis, v\u00e0 Palaeanthropus palestinus. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Dobzhansky, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i; v\u1eady th\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Khi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963, Mayr c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat lay \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a transvaalensis tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi chi h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn n\u00e9m m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 erectus v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi sapiens ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch H. sapiens ra th\u00e0nh \u201cc\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n \u201cc\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d bao g\u1ed3m Neanderthal, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Neanderthal\">\u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/a> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u00f3m c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 H. heidelbergensis v\u1edbi h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbn. V\u00e0 H. rhodesiensis v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd kh\u00e1 d\u1ed1c, l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y d\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00fang ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 s\u1edbm, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1eeb Levantine v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd tr\u00f2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1n cong, v\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n m\u00e0y n\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, H. neanderthalensis \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt trong nh\u00f3m \u201cc\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ra kh\u1ecfi H. sapiens v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m H. heidelbergensis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span> \u1ede b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 [&hellip;] <span class=\"read-more-link\"><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=267\">Xem th\u00eam<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[55,84,85,83],"class_list":["post-267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-https-phamxuanhai-com-page_id23","tag-con-nguoi","tag-human","tag-loai-nguoi","tag-nguoi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p (2) - Haipham<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t? 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