{"id":277,"date":"2023-05-03T18:11:09","date_gmt":"2023-05-03T11:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=277"},"modified":"2023-05-09T23:10:36","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T16:10:36","slug":"eratosthenes-tien-bo-khoa-hoc-cungvu-tru-cua-carl-sagan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=277","title":{"rendered":"Eratosthenes &#8211; Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">5<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng theo b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 qua c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong &#8220;V\u0169 tr\u1ee5&#8221;. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Eratosthenes. C\u00f9ng theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp theo trong m\u1ee5c <a href=\"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?cat=11\">Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Eratosthenes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Eratosthenes l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p. \u00d4ng s\u1ed1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 276 \u0111\u1ebfn 194 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN. \u00d4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. Erathosthenes \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho khoa h\u1ecdc trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eratosthenes \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyrene,_Libya\">Cyrene <\/a>(\u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Libya ng\u00e0y nay) v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 276 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Plato \u1edf Athens. Sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_Alexandria\">\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Alexandria<\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kho t\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u Phi, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 (Th\u1ed5 Nh\u1ef9 K\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a Eratosthenes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Eratosthenes c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chu vi c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 sai s\u1ed1 so v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi 1%. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 23 \u0111\u1ed9 29 ph\u00fat. Ch\u1ec9 sai s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 ph\u00fat so v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, Eratosthenes \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kinh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sao b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hipparchus_(nh%C3%A0_thi%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc)\">Hipparchus<\/a> v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ti%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng\">ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a> (tu\u1ebf sai) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Eratosthenes l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong V\u0169 tr\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung. Carl Sagan b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi hai l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t nhau v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n. Eratosthenes \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00f2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GS. Sagan \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Eratosthenes \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu vi \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i trang 40. Ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t bao xa trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 khi quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecb sai. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh trong h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Eratosthenes l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 logic h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o chu vi qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<br>Khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ta nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Eratosthenes tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Eratosthenes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Eratosthenes \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu vi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sao c\u1ee7a Hipparchus v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i sao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Eratosthenes sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi <a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Claudius_Ptolemaeus\">Ptolemy <\/a>(90-168 sau CN) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh sao ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1eddi k\u00ec Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Eratosthenes c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p trong \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb stadia (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb &#8220;V\u0169 tr\u1ee5&#8221; c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti vi mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 80 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t t\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a GS. Sagan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n &#8211; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Eratosthenes \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n gia l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i Alexandria, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. \u00d4ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch (nh\u01b0 stadia) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao v\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb sai t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1eeb Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 kinh thi\u00ean v\u0103n Hubble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Carl Sagan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh b\u1ec1n ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tinh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kinh thi\u00ean v\u0103n nh\u01b0 Hubble. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh xung quanh c\u00e1c sao th\u00f4ng qua tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn &#8211; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 trong, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, thi\u00ean h\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hay kh\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">5<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span> Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [&hellip;] <span class=\"read-more-link\"><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=277\">Xem th\u00eam<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[92,93,87,91,94,72],"class_list":["post-277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-https-phamxuanhai-com-page_id23","tag-carl-sagan","tag-eratosthenes","tag-khoa-hoc","tag-thien-van","tag-tien-bo-khoa-hoc","tag-vu-tru"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Eratosthenes - Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan (1)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng theo b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong &quot;V\u0169 tr\u1ee5&quot;, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Eratosthenes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=277\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Eratosthenes - Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan (1)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng theo b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong &quot;V\u0169 tr\u1ee5&quot;, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Eratosthenes.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=277\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Haipham\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-03T11:11:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-09T16:10:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eratosthenes.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"940\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"788\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phamxuanhai.com\\\/?p=277#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phamxuanhai.com\\\/?p=277\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phamxuanhai.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d856eac6840ae361c21ff4eaeb734ff0\"},\"headline\":\"Eratosthenes &#8211; 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