{"id":282,"date":"2023-05-09T23:08:47","date_gmt":"2023-05-09T16:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=282"},"modified":"2023-05-09T23:08:47","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T16:08:47","slug":"magellan-tien-bo-khoa-hoc-cung-vu-tru-cua-carl-sagan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamxuanhai.com\/?p=282","title":{"rendered":"Magellan – Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"Reading Time: <\/span> 6<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>\n

H\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Magellan v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn d\u00e0i trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u00fa v\u1ecb. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a F. Magellan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thu\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfp theo chu\u1ed7i b\u00e0i<\/a> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc theo t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 qua h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a F. Magellan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o thi\u00ean th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. Khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sao \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch ra tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd v\u1ebd ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng cho m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea3i tuy\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd quan s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam hay ph\u00eda b\u1eafc so v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ch\u00f2m sao nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng<\/a> hay Ti\u1ec3u H\u00f9ng<\/a> l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. B\u1edfi ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kinh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy di\u1ec5n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sao ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda tr\u00ean hay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c, h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i tuy\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p hoa ti\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, la b\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c sao nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/a> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i qua theo th\u1eddi gian. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3. Theo \u0111\u00f3, hoa ti\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Pytheas. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n l\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc t\u1eeb Anh \u0111\u1ebfn Ai-len \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3. Tuy r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ghi l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gia Hy L\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 Aristotle hay Strabo l\u00e0 hai trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i Thule. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t Na-uy hay Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1eafng su\u1ed1t 24h trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y h\u00e8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vikings v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 10 sau CN. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong ngh\u1ec1 \u0111i bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vikings \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Greenland, B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Pytheas, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i th\u00fac b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb Th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN \u0111\u1ebfn Magellan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c may m\u1eafn th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n khao kh\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i v\u00f2ng quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c k\u00ec nguy hi\u1ec3m. Th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i h\u00e3y nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vinh d\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1519, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ferdinand Magellan. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn giao tranh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i Philippines. N\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, Melaka – Malaysia, h\u01a1n 2,000 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Magellan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Ferdinand Magellan v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1eeb 1519 \u0111\u1ebfn 1522 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c l\u1edbn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00f2n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ef1c k\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3 h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, khi m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111i h\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Magellan trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Rio de Janeiro, thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Magellan ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nguy hi\u1ec3m ph\u00eda Nam ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Qu\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm l\u1ed1i ra, Magellan \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7y \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady di\u1ec5n ra. Magellan chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, tuy r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eo bi\u1ec3n Magellan, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Tierra del Fuego, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Khi \u0111ang t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111oang thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Megallan b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong m\u1ed9t m\u00ea cung c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carl Sagan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Magellan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Carl Sagan coi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111anh th\u00e9o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n l\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 y d\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 giao thoa xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Magellan v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ea7u tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Khi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y xa hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quanh m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00ed t\u00f2 m\u00f2 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 Carl Sagan gi\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Magellan nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Magellan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u00ecm t\u00f2i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reading Time: <\/span> 6<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span> H\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Magellan v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc T\u1eeb c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ebfn […] Xem th\u00eam<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[92,73,87,96,95,90,72],"class_list":["post-282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-https-phamxuanhai-com-page_id23","tag-carl-sagan","tag-cosmos","tag-khoa-hoc","tag-magellan","tag-science","tag-tien-bo","tag-vu-tru"],"yoast_head":"\nMagellan - Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Carl Sagan (2)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thu\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i qua h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a F. 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